The Climatic Niche Diversity of Malagasy Primates: A Phylogenetic Perspective

Background: Numerous researchers have posited that there should be a strong negative relationship between the evolutionary distance among species and their ecological similarity. Alternative evidence suggests that members of adaptive radiations should display no relationship between divergence time and ecological similarity because rapid evolution results in near-simultaneous speciation early in the clade\u27s history. In this paper, we performed the first investigation of ecological diversity in a phylogenetic context using a mammalian adaptive radiation, the Malagasy primates. Methodology/Principal Findings: We collected data for 43 extant species including: 1) 1064 species by locality samples, 2) GIS climate data for each sampling locality, and 3) the phylogenetic relationships of the species. We calculated the niche space of each species by summarizing the climatic variation at localities of known occurrence. Climate data from all species occurrences at all sites were entered into a principal components analysis. We calculated the mean value of the first two PCA axes, representing rainfall and temperature diversity, for each species. We calculated the K statistic using the Physig program for Matlab to examine how well the climatic niche space of species was correlated with phylogeny. Conclusions/Significance: We found that there was little relationship between the phylogenetic distance of Malagasy primates and their rainfall and temperature niche space, i.e., closely related species tend to occupy different climatic niches. Furthermore, several species from different genera converged on a similar climatic niche. These results have important implications for the evolution of ecological diversity, and the long-term survival of these endangered species

The climatic niche diversity of Malagasy primates: A phylogenetic approach

Background Numerous researchers have posited that there should be a strong negative relationship between the evolutionary distance among species and their ecological similarity. Alternative evidence suggests that members of adaptive radiations should display no relationship between divergence time and ecological similarity because rapid evolution results in near-simultaneous speciation early in the clade\u27s history. In this paper, we performed the first investigation of ecological diversity in a phylogenetic context using a mammalian adaptive radiation, the Malagasy primates. Methodology/Principal Findings We collected data for 43 extant species including: 1) 1064 species by locality samples, 2) GIS climate data for each sampling locality, and 3) the phylogenetic relationships of the species. We calculated the niche space of each species by summarizing the climatic variation at localities of known occurrence. Climate data from all species occurrences at all sites were entered into a principal components analysis. We calculated the mean value of the first two PCA axes, representing rainfall and temperature diversity, for each species. We calculated the K statistic using the Physig program for Matlab to examine how well the climatic niche space of species was correlated with phylogeny. Conclusions/Significance We found that there was little relationship between the phylogenetic distance of Malagasy primates and their rainfall and temperature niche space, i.e., closely related species tend to occupy different climatic niches. Furthermore, several species from different genera converged on a similar climatic niche. These results have important implications for the evolution of ecological diversity, and the long-term survival of these endangered species

Exploring the Entrepreneurial Jungle: Unicorns, Gazelles, Zebras, and Other Venture Species

This paper proposes pioneering the exploration of new entrepreneurial species as a novel and essential research avenue within the entrepreneurship domain. By likening entrepreneurial ventures to diverse species inhabiting a jungle, the study ventures into unexplored territories of entrepreneurial taxonomy. It advocates delving into distinct classifications such as unicorns, zebras, and gazelles, offering a fresh perspective on their impact on economies and societies. The research argues for the relevance of these unique ventures, emphasizing their significant influence on entrepreneurial thought and challenging traditional theories. By shedding light on uncharted species and their inter-relationships, the paper opens promising avenues for future research, contributing to the evolving landscape of entrepreneurship studies

La supervisión del trabajo psicoterapéutico: una mirada reflexiva de la complejidad

El presente trabajo recupera el proceso de supervisión llevado a cabo en la Maestría en Psicoterapia del ITESO, desde un breve recorrido a los bemoles de su conceptualización; para tal efecto se aborda a la supervisión como un campo abierto a la complejidad, donde la interdisciplinariedad se hace tierra en cada uno de los procesos implicados. Se plantea que la supervisión, en congruencia con la propuesta de formación del programa, se lleva a cabo con base en el diálogo interdisciplinario, lo cual “ofrece un camino para superar y desafiar la fragmentación del conocimiento que viene con la especialización intensa”. Se pone a consideración, también, el recuento documentado del esquema de supervisión de referencia y se enriquece con la voz de algunos psicoterapeutas en formación, en torno a su valoración, a sus retos y a sus perspectivas. La supervisión en psicoterapia es un espacio privilegiado de encuentro con el otro y con lo otro, donde la voz del consultante marca la pauta de la formación de psicoterapeutas interdisciplinares, en el marco de la complejidad.ITES

Monotonic properties of the shift and penetration factors

We study derivatives of the shift and penetration factors of collision theory with respect to energy, angular momentum, and charge. Definitive results for the signs of these derivatives are found for the repulsive Coulomb case. In particular, we find that the derivative of the shift factor with respect to energy is positive for the repulsive Coulomb case, a long anticipated but heretofore unproven result. These results are closely connected to the properties of the sum of squares of the regular and irregular Coulomb functions; we also present investigations of this quantity.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur

The Mediating of Organization Change, Perceptions of Politics and Interpersonal Conflict at Work on the Leader/Member Exchange and Job Satisfaction Relationship

Using the lens of social exchange theory, this study examines the role of organization change, perceptions of politics (POPS) and interpersonal conflict at work (ICAW) on the LMX/job satisfaction relationship. Results indicate that organization change, POPS and ICAW each have a partial negative mediation effect on the LMX/job satisfaction relationship. Implications for management are briefly discussed